The Moral Assumptions Of Laissez Faire Capitalism Essay

In this essay the moral assumptions behind laissez faire capitalism will be examined and critiqued from the viewpoint of a Christian morality, culminating in a conclusion as to what, if any, forms of capitalist society are morally acceptable from a Christian perspective. We I speak of Capitalism what I mean is an economic system where the industries of a country are controlled privately for profit, and when I say laissez faire capitalism what I mean is that system with little to no social regulation or redistribution of profit. For our purposes we will focus on the two uniting moral principles of laissez faire capitalism. The first of these principles is that each individual acts in a way that most clearly benefits him and him alone. This focus on the individual self is the driving force behind and the motivation in capitalistic ventures. As such, the virtue rewarded by capitalism is not a virtue of charity or even really self interest alone, but success in behaving in a way that is self interested. The second principle is that this behavior is just on grounds related to private property. That is to say, that each individual has an absolute and unassailable right to that which they have created, earned, or been given. The society itself has no or else very little right to the fruits of their labor, and certainly the poor have none at all. It must be seen immediately that from a Christian ethical perspective that the absolute right of the individual to do as they will withShow MoreRelatedThe Wealth Of Nations By Adam Smith1659 Words   |  7 PagesAdam Smith, the author of â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†, was a Scottish moral philosopher during the Industrial Revolution who was inspired by his surroundings to write about the field of economics. 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Arguably, theseRead MoreGlobalization Is An Undeniable Reality Of The Modern World Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pageseach model based on their idea of the ‘good life.’ She does this by asking three questions: â€Å"What is the position’s understanding of moral agency? †, â€Å"What is humanities purpose –our end, or Telos? †, and â€Å"What constitutes human flourishing?† (Pp. 22). Peters develops her normative analysis by providing answers to these questions based on her perspective and moral values. In the first 2 chapters of the book Peters details the goals of the book, provides some context for globalization, and situatesRead MoreThe Revival of Indigenous Movements1862 Words   |  7 PagesLeft can accommodate these movements when they are concerned with capitalist exploitation, protection of the environment, cultural autonomy and land reform, although it shares the same modernist and rationalist assumptions as the liberals and supporters of free trade and laissez faire capitalism. 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ADAM SMITH Known as one of the most influential figures in the world of economics, Adam Smith was an 18th century moral philosopher born in Scotland in 1723 and was raised by his widowed mother. Smith started a career as a lecturer at both Oxford University and the University of Glasgow. The turning point of his life to revolutionary change was in 1764, when he becameRead MoreNazis and Nietzsche Essay example1120 Words   |  5 PagesThis inversion of #8249; values (which include using the word `poor as #8249; synonymous with `holy and `friend) constitutes the #8249; significance of the Jewish people: they mark the #8249; beginning of the slave rebellion in morals(1234). #8249;The last comment implies that the Jews are responsible for the oppression of the free spirits of mankind, and with that sentence, Nietzsche certainly appears to hold a grudge. (There are cross-references to other potentially anti-Semitic

Leonardo da Vincis Study of Hands

This beautiful sketch of three hands is in the Royal Library at Windsor Castle exemplifies Leonardo da Vincis intense attention to, even fascination with, anatomical correctness and the effects of light and shadow. At the bottom, one hand is folded underneath another, more developed one, as if resting in a lap. That lightly-sketched hand seems to be the ghost of the top hand, which holds a sprig of some sort of plant–the outline of the thumb is nearly identical. These two highly developed hands are worked up with dark cross-hatchings and white chalk highlights, creating a sense of mass even on a sheet of paper. In each, everything from the muscles of thumb-pads to the wrinkles of skin along the joints of the fingers is depicted with the utmost care. Even when Leonardo lightly sketches the rest of the forearm or the ghost hand, his lines are deft and confident, showing how much he strove to depict the human form correctly. A Preliminary Study? Although the first instance of his studies of anatomy and dissection is not until 1489, in the Windsor manuscript B,  his interest in the subject would no doubt have been bubbling just beneath the surface, and it is certainly evident in this sketch. Leonardo seemed to draw his ideas and notes as they came to him, and in this vein, we also see a lightly sketched head of an old man in the upper left corner; perhaps one of those quick caricatures of a man whose peculiar features struck him as he passed. Many scholars take this sketch as a preliminary study for  The Portrait of a Lady,  who could very possibly be the famous Renaissance beauty Ginevra de Benci, in the National Gallery, Washington, D.C. Although art historian Giorgio  Vasari (1511–1574) tells us that Leonardo did indeed create a portrait of Ginevra—an extremely beautiful painting, he tells us—there is no outright evidence that she is, indeed, a portrait of Ginevra. Additionally, while there is clear evidence that the portrait had been cut down,  there is no further documentation or other drawings that would definitively allow us to say that these hands are hers. Nevertheless, the National Gallery has created a composite image of the sketch and the portrait. Is it Ginevra de Benci? Ginevra de Benci was an important Renaissance figure, and John Walker  of the National Galler has argued convincingly that she is the subject of Leonardos portrait. Born about 1458 into an extremely wealthy and well-connected Florentine family,  Ginevra was a talented poet and friends with the foremost Renaissance patron Lorenzo de Medici (1469–1492). If this is indeed Ginevra, the portrait is further complicated by its patron. While it could have possibly been commissioned in celebration of her marriage to Luigi Niccolini, there is also a possibility that it was commissioned by her possibly platonic lover Bernardo Bembo.  Indeed, no less than three poets, including the aforementioned Lorenzo de Medici himself, wrote of their affair.  There is another sketch dubiously attached to the Ginevra portrait,  Young Woman Seated in a Landscape with a Unicorn, in the Ashmolean Museum; the unicorns presence, like the credo on the verso of the painting (beauty adorns virtue), speak to her innocence and virtue. Sources and Further Reading Giorgio Vasari, The Life of Leonardo da Vinci, Florentine Painter and Sculptor,  The Lives of the Artists, trans. Julia Conaway Bondanella and Peter Bondanella (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 293.Walker, John. Ginevra de Benci  by Leonardo da Vinci.  Report Studies in the History of Art.  Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1969: 1-22.

The Relationship Between Team Working and Motivation Free Essays

In order to find out the relationship between â€Å"Team working† and â€Å"Motivation†, understanding each of them might be necessarily important. To begin with, â€Å"Team working† in business term means a groups of individual pulling together function as a team in order to archive goals or targets that them planed at the beginning. In a team-oriented environment, usually have different people personality. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Team Working and Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now which means there are opinion toward different direction, disputes will be appear most of the time, turning those different angle point of view into meaningful solution is a major part for a successful team. After that, move along to â€Å"Motivation†, it is the driving force by which we accomplish our aim, it doesn’t necessarily be a team and as each individual got different needs, related to â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs†. â€Å"Motivation† is divide to be intrinsic and extrinsic, the basic concept is refers to â€Å"Motivation† that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself or comes from outside of the individual such as money. Nowadays, most of the firms in all kind of industrial workplace request to building the team, working as a team, â€Å"Team building skills† are critical for effectiveness as a manager or entrepreneur, and because it could lead to productivity, therefore, â€Å"Motivation† skills has to apply to those day to day teams, intrinsically by given positive satisfaction, arising from intrinsic conditions of the job itself, such as recognition, achievement, or personal growth; extrinsic to the work itself, and include aspects such as company policies, supervisory practices or wages. For example, In a clothing buying office, the manager would give those more important brands to the most productive team of merchandisers, not just to making sure the productivity, also making employee feel prod of their own jobs. This is called goal setting, In a company should always more than one team but only one product or project make the highest profit, therefore healthy competition will developed, base on theory y, subordinate will find it became more challenging, every team member aiming at the same achievement, less disputes and more recognition and responsibility should appear. Further more, rewards system in â€Å"Motivation† should be positive to apply into business in order to reinforce behavior, not just actual salary, it could be commission or holiday trip, by sharing the company’s profit to the employee can also boost their â€Å"Motivation†. If the company are dealing with theory x of people at work, reward system might not be very effective to them, in this case the threat of punishment must exist, because in a team-oriented environment, if one of the team member is avoiding work, it could pull down the entire team, which means decrease the productivity and cutting off profits. To conclude with, it can be seen that â€Å"Team working† and â€Å"Motivation† are likely to be in a complementary relationship; the â€Å"Team working†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s effectiveness rely on â€Å"Motivation†. It could also lead to psychological contracts, as its always between manger and subordinate, the concept of ego and expectation of other’s are both significant to both â€Å"Team working† and â€Å"Motivation†. Leader has to understand what are they capable with; Team members has to understand why the team create for, in an other word the expectation has to be clear and communicate its expectation might considerable as well. How to cite The Relationship Between Team Working and Motivation, Papers

Business and Society

Questions: 1. Reflective Essay 1 Why businesses should be concerned about social sustainability?. 2. Reflective Essay 2 How lack of cultural understanding might impede yourprofessional career?. 3. Reflective Essay 3 The relevance of ethics in your future professional life. Answers: (1). Social sustainability in businesses provides a competitive landscape as today being sustainable is more than an environmental gesture that makes sense for the long term. The companies are set up in the social context such that they are not only supported by a large number of stakeholders but also comprises of managing people as well as organizing activities (Bowden 2013). As far as I think, the company Coca Cola gives the best response to social sustainability as it is going far too as much with 98% of compliance level achievement with human rights policy when it comes to managing people at the workplace (Coca-Cola Company 2015). Social sustainability takes in notion the responsibility of the actions that are considered to get a worldwide view of globalization, culture, and communities. When a company is termed to be, socially ideal then that means it has been selling more products than the other products and has known to be reputable as well as respectful but alternatively is mitigating more risk (Gilbert 2015). However, I think here we are talking about multinational corporations like Wesfarmers, Rio Tinto, Woolworths Limited, National Australia Bank, etc. Nevertheless, ignoring social sustainability can invite issues like human rights as well as future liabilities. I had read recently about the mining industry in Australia where the people working in the industry, as well as people living near big mining projects, are facing issues in health. As a result, the industry has been facing complications in stakeholder management and good governance across environments. Not to mention, we cannot ignore the inhumane treatment that the employers are facing in the mining industry with a fair working wage. It's thereby time to put an end to social irresponsibility and to sh ow a cold shoulder to the injustices taking place. One more example that comes to my mind on the issue of sustainability that is apparel companies which have outsourced it manufacturing (weak unit) to Bangladesh. As a result, what happened is that after the collapse of Rana Plaza, they were looking for PR cover, which made the issues prominent in the eyes of media. However, I do not know why companies do not realize that this is increasing their liabilities. The integrity of the worker is not ensured in a company where they do not flip these liabilities into assets like job security, high wages and safe working conditions for the former and checking the safety and pest contamination through special training to the latter (Rice 2013). Consumers, on the other hand, are on the view that they will entertain only those products whose companies care about environmental and social impact. One of the affluent example could be of the tobacco company in India known by ITC has involved corporate social responsibilities through social issues like skill building vocational training to enhance employability and generate livelihoods for persons from disadvantaged sections of society (Itcportal.com 2016). Maintaining social responsibility across the companies has never been easier because as rightly said by Rice (July 2013), nothing can help in practicing social sustainability whether it is right information or right collaborators in the firm. However, the scenario has changed and companies reviews various initiatives for the sustainability model that yields experiences and similarity in goals but the most important issue that are dealt is social injustice, poverty, and opportunity for all that is denied, even for the workers working in the mining industry in Australia. However, if social sustainability is considered a long-term collaboration in any businesses then why it is still a poor strategic response and not a community engagement everywhere? Although, there are companies like ITC and Coca-Cola Limited that are promoting corporate sustainability but others are only providing recognition of the need to manage social risk in business. (2). The professional career is often dependent on the cultural language, economic and social nuances of particular families and people. Cultural competence creates opportunities while working in a professional environment. It is based on the society (Caligiuri 2013). According to my personal review, it is seen that schools are culturally diverse when it comes to speaking or learning languages or understanding culture's importance at each level. However, during our school times in the school curriculum we had learned of different languages that not only added to our knowledge but also helped in identifying its importance while experiencing professionalism today. This explains cultural competence adds values as well as the strength by making the person well equipped while conveying culturally competent care (National Association of Social Workers 2016). When it comes to analysing the professional environment, the culture identifies to meet the leaders who are not culturally diversified or qualified are not able to meet the changing needs of professionalism. Culturally diversified populations like Hispanics, the African-American and Asian people in the growing business scenario in America have been creating issue for the local companies as they are not able to meet their client base and are losing business in the long run as opined by a senior executive in the financial sector in America (Llopis 2011). Cultural understanding rather lack of cultural understanding, on the other hand, elaborates the weal environment at the workplace. During my personal job experience as a tele caller in one of the companies where diversification in language is important, but people never used to survive as a telecaller for long as they could not cope up with the changed languages. As a result, people started leaving the job because the workplace demanded this criterion but did not support in learning because many cultures cannot be developed at the same time. Moreover, it happens that our culture does not match the professionalism used in the workplace. However, during an interview when two candidates with the same qualification are competing, the only deciding factor remains is cultural competence. Lack of culture awareness whether it is related to clarity, relevance, reality, consistency or time for adjustments results in obstructing results in the professional career (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015) . Whenever we see any news or get to know anything about different culture, we try to imbibe it because today culture is not limited to social life but to our thinking, even that reflects our nature. In a way, people's knowledge of stereotypes of different cultures has resulted in judgmental behaviour as well as ethnocentrism. Today, problems depict that there is an essential lack of understanding about people especially teenagers and the young adult who illustrate to prove that they know about people's culture and beliefs. Although, learning is important because that highlights that there is the basic understanding of standards between cultures (Sarah 2016). Cultural understanding of knowledge can be distinguished from others depending on the specific gestures, facial expressions as well as body language. However, it is important to know that the cultural intelligence of any level can enhance cultural intelligence on basic business etiquettes, which now would want to work, or aspires to work. One should be thinking on its feet all the time to strike the cultural difference, which will not go unnoticed. The other disadvantage of lack of culture understanding highlights the lack of open-mindedness in a life changing experience because when I was small and use to go to parties, my friends used to call me "Gringos" and in the same way, my Turkish friend called me by "White Trash." However, all these comments are annoying but just because I was brought up in an environment where acceptance of worse situation even made you stronger and adaptable to situations. Nevertheless, all these similar activities can result in differences that could nega tively affect the nature of the person. In addition, ethnic social groups understanding are negatively related to social difficulties (Miller 2016). On the other hand, change in culture could be challenging, as it needs to be learned and used in different solutions. Moreover, only a school can only provide the cultural change at the beginning whether it is needed for external interference or in the case of dramatic purposes. The practical journey of understanding of culture is only possible when one uses these in carrying to achieve the desired goal. (3). Ethics has been one of the integral issues that every business needs to maintain. Ethics is governed by moral principles and appropriate conduct of the team or an individual in the profession. The rights and wrongs of a person build at an initial stage will help to understand to differentiate between moral principles (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2016). This can be well cited with personal experience. I have two siblings and being the eldest in my family; my parents tell me to be an example in front of my siblings. However, for an instance, if there was any fight between my siblings, I was the one who sorted out such that I used to ask my brother as well as my sister that what the reasons were that led to the fight. However, after listening to both of them, I used to support the one who was not at fault. Moreover, I used to guide them to the right and wrong things that could govern the argument. On the other hand, just as the example cited above from my personal experience states that every human being has different line of ethics irrespective of the reason we wishes to attribute is right or wrong. However, this can be combated when the person oneself questions that whatever activity was done was vitally moral or not. Although, professionally ethical behaviour differentiates the code of good conduct from the other (Durkheim 2013). I could explain this with the help of the movies instance in the movie Spiderman, where to bring down Spiderman's position; Eddie falsely takes a Spiderman's snap and performs Photoshop portraying him to be thief who is stealing from a bank. Although, later Peter Parker (Spiderman) when depicts the reality, Eddie Brock is thrown out of Daily Bugle. I cited this example because Eddie Brock was one of the competitors of Peter Parker at the workplace who wanted to put his position down and raise his standard of compliance, for this he gave a wrong sto ry with a false document. This kind of unethical behaviour at workplace leads to an understanding of the difference between good or bad especially at work place. The result of unethical behaviour is always bad and may ruin one's life. However, here in this example the professional code of conduct is hampered and is disintegrated by doing wrong things at the workplace and conversely which leads to impacting others (Levy and Salvin 2013). Nonetheless, when it comes to ethics for future professional life, I would always want to be directioned towards my goals and should always keep in mind the competencies that I will build up. In this direction, the future employees like me should always follow a path of ethical standards (Siddiqui, 2014). Although there are others as well, who even aspire for goals but follow planned and intended rather illegal ways to reach the top but following the same, if once caught or observed may lead to a drastic fall in career growth. Nevertheless, an importance of ethics in professional life can be evidenced in some instances from the success and failure of the business and business standards whether it is leaking of a confidential document or illegally getting a document sanctioned, falsifying claiming the revenue of other as one own and many others. All these issues need to be checked, and this can only be ensured by ethical standards (Castronovo 2014). This kind of behaviour anywhere will enable to discredit to our profession that we would be practicing. However, we should follow good ethics that always enhances our image when contrasting with the realistic image of the organization by letting our conscience guide us at all times. Albert Schweitzer rightly said, "Ethics is the activity of man directed to secure the inner perfection of his personality" (Siddiqui, 2014). References Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Bond, C.J. and Kirsch, P., 2015. Vulnerable populations affected by mining: Predicting and preventing outbreaks of physical violence.The Extractive Industries and Society,2(3), pp.552-561. Bowden, R. 2013.The Importance Of Social Sustainability And Your Business. SteamFeed. Caligiuri, P., 2013.Cultural agility: Building a pipeline of successful global professionals. John Wiley Sons. Castronovo, R., 2014.Propaganda 1776: Secrets, Leaks, and Revolutionary Communications in Early America. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2016.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Gilbert, S.D., 2015.Business Liability and Economic Damages. Business Expert Press.