Managing Change in Organisation Essay

Today, teams and organizations face rapid change like never before. Globalization has increased the markets and opportunities for more growth and revenue. However, increasingly diverse markets have a wide variety of needs and expectations that must be understood if they are to become strong customers and collaborators. The ability to manage change in an organisation, while continuing to meet the needs of stakeholders, is a very important skill required by today’s leaders and managers. Organizational change is undertaken to improve the performance of the organization or a part of the organization, for example, a process or team. When an organizational system is disturbed by some internal or external force, the change may occur. The change is modification of the structure or process of a system that may be positive or negative. It disturbs the existing equilibrium or status quo in an organization and may affect the whole organization, or various other parts of the organization i n varying degrees of speed and significance. It may affect people, structure, technology, and other elements of an organization. It may be reactive or proactive in nature. When change takes place due to external forces, it is called reactive change. However, proactive change is initiated by the management on its own to enhance the organizational effectiveness. The change is one of the most critical aspects of effective management. Organizational change is the process by which organizations move from their present state to some desired future state to increase their effectiveness. The goal of planned organizational change is to find new or improved ways of using resources and capabilities in order to increase an organization’s ability to create value and improve returns to its stakeholders. An organization in decline may need to restructure its resources to improve its fit with the environment. According to Ackerman (1997) organisational change can be distinguished in three types, namely, developmental change, transitional change and transformational change. Developmental change refers to organisational change in which what already exists is continually improved but no radical progress is achieved or aimed at. Transitional change is a shift in the way a process is completed or designed to increase efficiency. A transitional change could involve the automation of a manufacturing process that was once done by hand. Transformational change refers to a shift in the business culture of an organisation resulting from a change in the underlying strategy and processes that the organisation has used in the past. A transformational change is designed to be organisation-wide and is enacted over a period of time. Significant organizational change occurs, for example, when an organization changes its overall strategy for success, adds or removes a major section or practice, and/or wants to change the very nature by which it operates. It also occurs when an organization evolves through various life cycles, just like people must successfully evolve through life cycles. For organizations to develop, they often must undergo significant change at various points in their development. That’s why the topic of organizational change and development has become widespread in communications about business, organizations, leadership and management. Leaders and managers continually make efforts to accomplish successful and significant change as it’s inherent in their jobs. Some are very good at this effort (probably more than we realize), while others continually struggle and fail. That’s often the difference between people who thrive in their roles and those that get shuttled around from job to job, ultimately settling into a role where they’re frustrated and ineffective. In this paper, it will be explained how the Digicel Corporation has converted from the traditional model to a transformed organizational model over the last five years. Digicel Corporation ia a telecommunication based company who provides land line, internet services, sale of handsets, credit for pay as you go customers, contract accounts, sale of tablets, etc. Digicel opened its very first store in 2001 by Irishman Denis O’brian. Digicel has transformed from a company into the region’s largest telephone corporations, leading in sales year after year. One of Denis O’brian techniques for change is technological changes. By the 2000’s the organisation had been so successful and had more increasing growth than any other telecommunication companies in the Eastern Caribbean region resulting in the purchase of AT&T in St. Lucia. Digicel provides consumers with low prices under the slogan â€Å"The Bigger Better Network† (digicel.com). The price sensitive merchandise allows customers to get more for their dollar. Digicel offers its customers 24 hours a day, seven days a week services, which is appealing in any retail market. The goal is to satisfy the growing telecommunication needs of customers. The best example of this organisational change that I can think of is the globalization of Digicel. This Organisational change began in 2001 when Denis O’brian opened in Jamaica. This was the beginning of Digicel’s vision of becoming an international company. Since then, Digicel has been aggressively expanding its markets and investments throughout the Eastern Caribbean Region, and Ireland. The company currently has operations in a number of countries including Ireland, Central America, Oceania, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Barbados, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Vincent, Dominica, Antigua, Panama, Bermuda and Grenada to name a few. Digicel also employs more than 5,500 associates worldwide, with more than 1000 stores currently in operation. Digicel is committed to achieving leadership as a telecommunication service provider. In order to achieve this goal, it has implemented specific business strategies that include globalization. Digicel leaders believe that globalization is critical to the company’s growth and continued success. In its quest to remain competitive, Digicel is pressing onward on its mission of seeking new opportunities, innovations, solutions, and talent in the global markets. Major advances in technology and communication and the growth of the Internet have also made it possible for Digicel to conduct and manage business globally. The company’s utilization of technology has been and will continue to be critical in its business success. Digicel being a communication company, along with other global companies are now dependent heavily on electronic communication devices to conduct business transactions. Integration of enhanced information system has a significant impact on the way Digicel collects, access, and disseminate information. Technological innovations have increased the efficiency and quality of business processes. Digicel uses the internet through the social networks lik e twitter and facebook to attract new customers and advertise their services. However, in spite of all the advantages, technology also has its drawbacks. Digicel is now online and services can be done at local banks and connected through computers. Therefore, the company is vulnerable to hackers and computer viruses that can paralyze its business. Computer crime is also a threat and has damaging effects on any global information systems. Computer security and protection is critical to the business. The use of technology in the business also has a major impact on privacy issues. Violation of privacy, computer monitoring, and computer matching, unauthorized personal files are examples of privacy issues that can destroy the reputation or integrity of any company (O’Brien, J. 2003). Digicel must take these threats seriously as it continues to compete in both national and international markets. An issue that faces Digicel or any company that uses technology is that technology is not static. In fact, the dominant attribute of technology is that it is always changing. Digicel must continue to invest to keep its technology up-to-date and able to help make the company compete successfully in the global markets. It has to ensure that its employees are effectively trained on the use of technology to achieve maximum productivity and quality. Digicel’s managers and employees involved in international business regularly interact with people from different countries. They are constantly exposed to different social, political, cultural, and economical challenges. The globalization of Digicel can present complex problems for its international managers and employees. Post, Lawrence, and Weber , 1999 states that to do business in the international market, a company must â€Å"design a business plan that fits with the cultural, competitive, and political realities of diverse societies defined by features such as language, customs, religion, and traditions† (p.125). It is important for Digicel to not only appreciate the cultural differences, but also to understand how these differences can affect its international business operations. Digicel should vary its management process and practices to take these differences into account. Maintaining current or potential multinational customers is a challenge for any global business. Each time Digicel opens a store in a different country, it has to integrate the â€Å"company’s unique culture and effective retailing concepts to each new country†. However, the emergence of multinational customers’, demand that Digicel also has to take into account and be sensitive to the difference s in customer preferences, needs and requirements. The company has done considerable market research and analysis before its expansion to other countries. The globalization of a company’s market poses a challenge to the individuals responsible in the management of knowledge. Companies use knowledge management technologies to have a focused view of its customers around the world. Development of technology and expanding markets in different economic regions necessitates the use of knowledge management technologies. Organizational change is a major strength for Digicel. They are consistently redefining processes to reduce costs in the area of telecommunications, inventory replenishment lead times, purchasing and defining the appropriate product and merchandise mix at each of their locations. Operations at Digicel are built on the premise that they can offer everyday low prices. This has been a competitive area that Digicel has had success in. Digicel has been able to build consumer trust by delivering the promise of the cutting-edge technologies and services at a competitive price. By driving down costs in all portions of their business they have a successful business strategy. What makes Digicel successful is its â€Å"ability to apply technology to its critical processes† (www.digicelgroup.com). It is important to note that new knowledge and technology comes from the innovative and creative minds of employees and leaders. The need to be better and/or faster inspires new way of thinking. A company that encourages innovative and creative thinking and integrates these into its organizational culture will attain competitive advantage. The goal of planned organizational change is to find new or improved ways of using resources and capabilities in order to increase an organization’s ability to create value and improve returns to its stakeholders. An organization in decline may need to restructure its resources to improve its fit with the environment. At the same time even a thriving organization like Digicel may need to change the way it uses its resources so that it can extend its business and find new markets for its existing products. One of the findings from my studies revealed that the employees of Digicel resisted the change to conduct business online and through the local financial institutions. In a sense, this is positive. It provides a degree of stability and predictability to behavior. If there weren’t some resistance, Digicel may have taken on characteristics of chaotic randomness. Resistance to change can also be a source of functional conflict. For example, resistance to Digicel’s transformational change or its reorganisation stimulated a healthy debate over the merits of the idea and resulted in a better decision. But there is a definite downside to resistance to change. It hinders adaptation and progress. Resistance to change doesn’t necessarily surface in standardized ways. The resistance to change at Digicel was overt and immediate. It made it easier for management to deal with resistance when it is was this way: For instance when the change was proposed and employees quickly responded because they thought their jobs were being made redundant by voicing complaints, engaging in a work slowdown, threatening to go on strike, or the like. The greater challenge for management would have been managing resistance that was implicit or deferred. Implicit resistance efforts are more subtle – loss of loyalty to the organization, loss of motivation to work, increased errors or mistakes, increased absentism due to sickness and hence, more difficult to recognize. Similarly, deferred actions cloud the link between the source of the resistance and the reaction to it. A change may produce what appears to be only a minimal reaction at the time it is initiated, but then resistance surfaces weeks, months or even years later. A single change that in and of itself might have little impact becomes the straw that breaks the company’s back. Reactions to change can build up and then explode in some response that seems to tally out of proportion to the change action it follows. The resistance, of course, has merely been deferred and stockpiled what surfaces is a response to an accumulation of previous changes. When management is willing to discuss openly with their employees all aspects of an impending change, it is desirable that ample time be planned between the initial mention of the change and the state of its actual initiation. Management should use this interval to ensure that all involved attain maximum understanding of the change and its probable consequences. Management should plan the length of this interval by working out a trade-off betwe en two considerations. Often these will be in conflict with each other. The first of this is a question of how long it takes for the processes of accommodation and rationalization to occur for the most people involved. The second consideration is an evaluation of those situational factors which determine when the change must be instituted and implemented and when the benefits must be realized. To achieve the best trade-off between these two considerations, management needs to evaluate the relative costs of two alternatives; delaying the introduction of the change to gain more preparation time in the interest of realizing optimum benefits, conforming to the intended schedule with the possibility of an increased risk of resistance and the resultant probability of reduced benefits. In many instances, management may discover that it will be economical to delay the change until the possibility of its acceptance is enhanced. If management decides not to delay, resistance may cause not only reduction in the possible benefits but also probable delays in their re alization, management should plan sufficient time during the early phase of the change for accommodation and rationalization to occur and for understanding to be developed. Involvement and participation are perhaps the most powerful techniques management can use to gain acceptance of change. Commitment to carry out these decisions is intensified. Personal satisfaction derived from the job is increased. The extent of personal involvement can range from merely being informed, to discussing problems and voicing opinions and feelings to actually making and implementing decision. Digicel has become one of Caribbean’s most successful telephone companies by offering communication services at low prices for individual, families and corporations. It is strong because it shapes perception better than any company in the region. Digicel’s power position relative to the key policy issues and stakeholders is one of domination. The size, wealth, and financial power of the company are impressive. It is the largest communication company in the Eastern Caribbean States. It is the largest political and social donor in the retail sector. This dominance, and the company’s finances, coupled with retaining the top lobby shops in the Region give the company an advantage. The company manages its relationship with its key stakeholders in a way that maximizes the tactical advantage of Digicel. With groups that the company perceives as hostile, such as other communication companies, complaining former employees, or even local ad hoc opposition groups, who are fighting to keep Digicel out of their community, the company uses every means available to it in order to win. Digicel has established a foundation in an effort to give back to the community where the company is based by issuing scholarships, sponsoring sports personnel and assist the less fortunate. The company applies its retail philosophy, of being the best, and winning, into its political and public affairs strategy. Using tools at its disposal, such as the top law firms, and top Public Relations firms, the company does battle in court with those who challenge it. In public, Digicel uses top of the line Public Relations strategy firms to produce commercials for its stores and to portray the best possible image. Another way the company is successful is its ability thus far to keep out of the headlines any significant negative publicity. The company has also avoided being probed by regulators for some of its aggressive retailing and competition practices. In the case of Digicel and government relations, the goal is to have a low profile, and to keep government regulators away. Its relationships with key stakeholders are maintained as well by the communication of corporate statements on its Internet site and through other paper based corporate communications. It keeps contact with the Government offices and retained political groups. The strategic and tactical advantage of Digicel when pursuing a political and public affairs strategy is the use of its financial resources and to provide handset for communications. It can buy an army of the top lobby firms, lawyers, and public relations specialists should it need to. Since the company has a history of fighting back, and winning, when it is challenged, that may be keeping larger groups away from fighting the retail giant. From a scan of recent headlines, the company does not appear to be involved in fighting any major federal legislation. Notably, Digicel is involved in numerous municipal zoning disputes across the Region. In an attempt at meeting the demands of its customers within the region, Digicel embarked on purchasing various pieces of property in which to erect transmission towers. The top issue within this venture is the question of zoning regulations and the proximity of these towers in the communities and the population on the whole. The company has been making large payouts in an attempt to keep the towers which were erected and to erect more so as to establish greater services. The company’s strategic and tactical activities are more apparent at the state and municipal levels. Mainly, the company fights legislation through the courts. Top issues are municipal zoning regulations. At the federal level, it is worth noting that Digicel gives heavily to political candidates, who happen to be generally pro business in their voting. Digicel does not generally employ a grassroots campaign strategy, as it has no established infrastructure to do this. It has over five thousand, five hundred employees. Should the company wish to tap its â€Å"associates† to become active on an issue, such as trade, for example, they would have a large base of people to draw upon. May of the She Magazine noted that Digicel sometimes stages grassroots efforts to oppose local companies who are rallying against technological advances. Digicel will send in professionals and staff from its headquarters to form business development and revitalization committees, and use these fronts to challenge the anti Digicel groups (She Magazine, 33) In terms of consistency, the company has much to improve in the way of dealing with communities and groups. The company chooses to cut costs and push the boundaries of existing regulations. Then it falls victim to lawsuits and is sued for hundreds of thousands of dollars. The company has a goal of keeping out unions. Yet, the company by its frugal employee wage compensation practice, the reliance on part-time workers, and unfair shift scheduling practice, is creating discord among its employees. These conditions foster the development of labor unions. If the company were to improve its payment and treatment of employees, perhaps it can avoid future problems and issues such as turnover. The company is well positioned to tackle any obstacle. While not maintaining a large government relations department, the company retains top lobbyists, making it ready and capable to deal with issues as needs warrant. In conclusion, Digicel is the number one retailer in the Caribbean Region and operates in many countries and is moving into new countries every year. Digicel is also expanding as a telecommunication giant. Each year, the number of people who have a stake in Digicel also grows since gives shares to the employees. Digicel has had reasons to file law suits against its competitors as injunctions were placed against them as it relates to use of similar networks within the same region. Digicel is often able to uncut many other local industries and more communication companies are shutting down when Digicel moves into town. As a result of Digicel’s ever growing size and variety of services they offer, their public affairs department is going to become more and more important. As Digicel attain sectors of the marketplace, there is going to be more regulation against them and their public affairs department is going to have to work harder to make it possible for Digicel to continue to grow. And as the animosity against Digicel becomes more widespread, here and in foreign countries, Digicel is going to have to work harder to maintain their good reputation. Digicel’s foundation will become increasingly more important for giving things back to the community. In order for Digicel to stay at the top of their game and follow the company’s strategy and achieve their key policy goals, they are going to have to deal better with their stakeholders and make sure they guard their reputation well. Bibliography Module – Managing Change in Organisations. http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/organizational-change-management-OCM http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/transformational-change.html (2008) About Digicel. Retrieved November 8, 2008 http://www.digicel.com/wps-portal/storelocator/St.Lucia- About_Digicel.jsp May Wayne. She Margazine† Into Their Business Model. Volume 3. Star Publishing Company. October 2010. Page 33. Post, J.E, Lawrence, A. T., & Weber, J. (1999). Contemporary Business Issues with Readings. Based on selected materials from the ninth edition of business and society: corporate strategy, public policy, ethics, New York, McGraw-Hill Gareth R. Jones (2004). Organizational Theory, Design, and Change: Text and Cases. Fourth Edition. Pearson Education, New Delhi. Kavita Singh (2005). Organisation Change and Development. New Delhi :Excel. 2000-2001. National Directory of Corporate Public Affairs.

Contingent Workers Overused & Underpaid

Contingent Workers Being Overworked and Underpaid â€Å"Inside Amazon’s Warehouse†Ã¢â‚¬â€Morning Call 09/17/11 I found this article particularly interesting because it is local and it shows the abundance of temporary workers in this job market and how they are willing to be treated to keep a job and have income even if it is only $11-$12 an hour. Integrity Staffing Solutions is the company that hires temporary workers for the Amazon warehouse in Breinigsville, PA. These temporary employees are told by ISS that if they work hard while in this position they may be hired into permanent positions but this rarely happened.The temporary positions would end after a number of hours and then they can re-apply for these same positions within a few months. The reality was that many of these temporary workers never got offered or â€Å"promoted† to a permanent position though. This is said to be the future for many companies in that they hire more temporary staff than perma nent because they do not expect benefits and will work for lower pay. Warehouse positions such as this are very high demand both physically and mentally. Related article: Advantages and Disadvantages of Foreign Workers in MalaysiaMany of these workers were pushed harder and harder until they got injured or physically could not complete the responsibilities of the job anymore. With them being temporary workers they would just be let go and then another temporary worker would be assigned to this same position. It is an ideal world for Amazon because they always have fresh blood in the warehouse. This was taken from the article and highlights many of the key points I had just mentioned, â€Å"The situation highlights how companies like Amazon can wield their significant leverage over workers in the bleak job market, labor experts say.Large companies such as Amazon can minimize costs for benefits and raises by relying on temporary workers rather than having a larger permanent workforce, those experts say. † The treatment of all workers was highlighted in the article with interviews of over 20 current or previous employees of Amazon . These positions were physically demanding and people could not keep up with the increasing demands that were handed down by the company.They talk of the heat index in the summer in the warehouse would reach over 100 degrees and they would have ambulances waiting outside the building to assist people. If a temporary worker became ill or couldn’t physically do the job anymore their assignment would be terminated and they would no longer have a job. This created fear amongst the temporary staff and most of them pushed through the pain and continued working so that they could keep the job because it was income even if it was only $11-$12 an hour. http://www. mcall. com/news/local/mc-allentown-amazon-complaints-20110917,0,1246510. story

Religion and the Elderly Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Religion and the Elderly - Case Study Example She showed her affirmation but told me to come after some days, as she won’t be able to give enough time. I made three intermittent visits to her residence to seek her reflections on various aspects of her life pertaining particularly to her outlook on religion and spirituality. When I asked Mrs. Miller to recall from childhood till now her experiences with life, she took a two minutes pause before starting but once she began, she continued without break. She was brought up by her grand-parents most of the time. She lost her father when she was three years old but she remembered the face of her mother, full of affection. Her mother’s untimely death permanently deprived her from motherly affection when Mrs. Miller was hardly eight years. ... Mrs. Miller’s Religious and Spiritual Practices According to Mrs. Miller, she started finding a religious and spiritual touch in her day-to-day functions. Earlier, she never attempted to know how both the terms differed in meaning but when circumstances provided the time and need to analyze these terms, she preferred to spend time to serve the poor. She found a new meaning of religion by tutoring poor school-going children in free. She started finding solace in serving the poor students by taking extra free classes in the evening. It was her way of supporting the cause of humanity, as education and knowledge had been her intangible properties, which according to her, would not decrease if she served the needy students. Mrs. Miller did not get rid of her religious affiliations. She had been in the habit of visiting the Church on week-ends. After the death of her husband, her visits to the Church increased, as she had more free time to sit there and engross herself silently in m editation. Although she had not been a worshipper of oriental spiritual practices in her past life but later, she developed a liking for the Indian tradition of yoga for health and spiritual attainment. Mrs. Miller started attending the yoga and art of living classes for her spiritual growth. She started having a firm belief that to march ahead on the path of spirituality, first thing one needs to do is to cleanse the heart from the impurities of hatred, enmity, greed, and avoiding any such act that promotes negative energy. It realized to her that in stead of spending and wasting too much time in daily busy chores, it was important to learn to do good deeds to cleanse the soul of the impurities of one’s actions. Her

Global studies-The thought about Malala Yousafzai Essay

Global studies-The thought about Malala Yousafzai - Essay Example Thus, she definitely has a right to call for peace. At the same time, she is a woman who’s getting an education and thus, has a right to speak on behalf of her sisters on women rights on education. That’s why when Malala makes a connection between education (including education for women) and peacemaking, it seems most reasonable. Malala herself is a bright example of how educated woman could argue for peace. Then, it’s not a radical feministic claim to argue for a greater number of educated persons in the world. It’s reasonable, because women are less likely to fight in the battlefields, but more likely to become doctors, nurses and educators. Malala also fairly points that war and terrorism bring poverty, ruin schools and therefore, more young talented children, including girls, are deprived of a better life (â€Å"Malala Yousafzai Nobel Peace Prize Speech†). In this way, Malala makes it a vicious circle: more wars and terrorism with fewer rights for women bring less education. And vice versa: with more education and wider rights for women, including right on education, there will be less wars and less terror in the

Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Final Project - Essay Example To prove this, data from Anne Arundel, Talbot, Dorchester, Calvert County, and their relative Chesapeake Bay areas, will be collected and compared. Excessive amounts of nutrients can cause the growth of microscopic plants algae. When its population explodes or thrives, the water quality depletes. The water itself appears cloudy and blocks sunlight to the aquatic plants (SAV) that need the precious sunlight for their survival. When they dont get this energy, they die. These aquatic plants provide food and shelter for Bays inhabitants. Fish and crabs are among the prime animals. Overall, the whole Bays habitat is damaged. Algae grows due to excessive nutrients. And preventing sunlight from reaching the aquatic plants is not the only problem they cause. By blocking the sunlight, they also reduce the oxygen levels in the water during certain months. This is especially true through the summertime as decaying algae starts to sink in the water. The microscopic animals and bacteria feed on these plants. This process consumes the limited oxygen present in the water. As a result of the dying algae and hot summers the oxygen levels in the Bays water start to decline, killing different organisms in the process. It is very difficult to find data on this topic. The Chesapeake Bay area is enormous and finding this complicated, and huge volume of data is a time-consuming process. The primary sources used to obtain data for this study were; First the research area was selected. Then a focused area was selected using ArcMap. This process revealed the permanently preserved agricultural lands. Talbot, Dorchester, Calvert and an Anne Arundel are the four primary agricultural areas. Later the priority preserved agricultural areas were identified such as Annapolis in Anne Arundel. The data revealed oxygen levels less than 0.2 mg/l in anoxic

Middle Eastern Studies Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Middle Eastern Studies Journal - Essay Example This basic enumeration of the conflicts within the region betrays the inherent causes and motives by speaking only of the volume and frequency, and the extent of both human and financial resources (mis)directed towards the defense and invasions within the Middle East as compared to other regions of the world. These connect between wars and the military has been the largest barrier to adoption of more â€Å"liberal political practices† that are favored by Western states such as the United States and Britain. Therefore, what are the geneses of such conflicts? What roles do the military serve herein? In Western Europe, the perceived desires to create powerful military forces pushed central authorities to tighten their grip on societies and acquire resources through the imposition of taxes which was used to pay military effort. Consequently, strong centralized states emerged around militaries; the inherent nature of war therein led to protonationalism. Middle East societies have l argely been under military rule since they gained independence; whether directly or indirectly, the power wielders have uncharacteristically been military officers (Richards and Waterbury 345). ... A fundamental aspect of Middle East’s military-industrial complex is the tendency to become powerful economic enclaves unaccountable to either auditors or national assemblies (Richards and Waterbury 345). The Israeli, Turkish and Saudi-Arabia form 60% of all military expenditure in the region. Is there military weight to the GDP of the region? Certainly! 1. Military-industrial sector heavily relies on advanced technology 2. Research into the direct use and manufacture advances telecommunication, telemetry and remote sensing technology 3. Growth in the triad sectors (military, industry and research and development) is a key source of foreign exchange 4. The military-industrial sector competes against other private sectors for human and financial resources thereby increasing the aggregate efficiency of the economy People within the region seem to welcome the disproportionate public investment into defense either due to national pride or perhaps in cognizance of the inherent need to survive in an increasingly complex global geo-political atmosphere. Real expansion in defense came shortly after 1975 with Saudi-Arabia and several other Gulf members resolving to finance the Arab Military Industrialization Organization (AMIO) in producing advanced weapons for Arab states (Richards and Waterbury 345). Soon after, Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990. This prompted a UN force led by the United States under the now famous operation â€Å"desert storm† to successfully come to the aid of Kuwait. The unmistakable presence of the United States in the Arabian affairs would once again be witnessed in 2003 when the combined force of US and Britain invaded Iraq overthrowing the Ba’athist regime under Sadam Hussein. They additionally

Nathaniel hawthorne Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Assignment

Money, Banking, and Financial Markets - Assignment Example Since demand for money varies with interest rates, velocity also changes with changes in interest rates. Demand for money also depends upon the expectations about future interest rates. In an article published in The Globe and Mail on July 31, 2013, the author, Linda Stern, suggested to ignore advice such as â€Å"Don’t take a mortgage with you in retirement†, and â€Å"Older Folks should invest more conservatively† (Stern). In support to the view â€Å"Don’t take a mortgage with you in retirement†, it is stated in the article that carrying forward mortgages over a long period of time not only increases the risk of investment but also involves a greater expenditure on the side of the loan taker. Carrying a mortgage over a long period increases its value and interest, so it is advisable not to use a large amount when paying mortgages and instead to invest that extra amount in some other investment plans which may be beneficial in the long run. Earlie r payment of mortgages is related to the emotions of the loan-taker, reduces the risk and leads to savings due to lower interest payments. Ignoring the advice may be risky, but it may bring greater potential and stronger chance of capitalization since no one is aware of the opportunities that may come in the future. The situation will be more understandable from the following example. A person has $100,000 in cash and a 15-year mortgage with a balance of $100,000 at 4% interest. Case 1: The person decides to pay off his mortgage with the available cash and to invest the mortgage payment that would have to be paid per month (i.e. $739) for 15years at 7%. By paying the mortgage, the person saves %33,143, and at the end of 15 years investment amounts to $237,706. Case 2: The person decides not to pay the mortgage and invest cash of $100,000 for 15 years at 7% interest. After 15 years, the investment amounts to $284,894, and $33,143 are paid as interest for the mortgage. Subtracting the payment, a net gain of $251,751 is made by the person, if he/she decides to pay off the mortgage later. On deciding to pay off the mortgage, the person has received an emotional satisfaction, less risk and higher liquidity, but he/she has also suffered an opportunity loss of $14,045. Thus, every financial investment and debt is added to a price and risk, but decision is to be taken wisely. In support to the view â€Å"Older Folks should invest more conservatively†, it is stated in the article that when a person moves towards old age, he/she should either invest less in stocks or withdraw all money from stocks and invest in instruments which will guarantee returns with less amount of risk involved. They may choose to invest in certificate of deposits or bonds. Investment on guaranteed returns for short term may hold a support to the person at the time of retirement since it would assure a return at the end of the period. But ignoring the advice, it can be said that investment in bonds too can be a risky investment to the investor since future can only be assumed and not ascertained. If the interest rate rises in future, the bond holders may lose value, and investment will become riskier. Even with the rise in the expected rate of inflation the investor may face the same risk. Thus, the person may face the same

Caterpillar's Organizational Structure and Culture Essay

Caterpillar's Organizational Structure and Culture - Essay Example For this reason, organizational environment has been divided into three sections: general environment, task environment and internal environment. The first of them refers to factors that are likely to impact the organization as a market’s unit, as for instance technological and socio-cultural factors. Task environment refers to factors influencing the organization’s daily operations; customers and suppliers are factors of such type. As for the organization’s internal environment, this refers to factors, which are related to the organization’s internal boundaries, meaning factors such as employees and culture (Caterpillar, case study). Changing organizational structure can be a challenging task mostly because all parts of organizational structure need to be transformed. If a change successfully occurs, this fact can be made known to the management in the following way: no problems appear in the organization’s daily operations, especially in regard to the areas where change was promoted. The organizational culture can include a series of elements, such as symbols, ceremonies and stories; in Caterpillar, the above elements have been set as value hallmarks (Caterpillar, case study). Moreover, organizational culture can set the rules on which organization’s plans are based; reference is made particularly to the plans that regulate employee relations across the organization. In Caterpillar, organizational culture also refers to understandings, beliefs and norms; the above elements are characterized as shared values and define the cultural framework of Caterpillar (Caterpillar, case study). In accordance with the case study, adaptability and involvement are key characteristics of Caterpillar’s culture, ensuring flexibility and employee participation in organizational plans. In Caterpillar corporate culture is of critical value; teaching

Will - Hobsons Choice Essay Example for Free

Will Hobsons Choice Essay Despite the disliking of the sisters, it is told that Will remarks that he rather likes it. He also adds a long, pleasant comment about kissing nice women. This already shows how his attitude is changing towards making contact with other people. On the other hand, I think the writer hints the presence of dramatic irony in a subtle way. In the times when the play was written, the male in the family were almost always superior; especially because women did not have equal rights. However, throughout the rest of the play, Will is obviously shown to be controlled by Maggie all the time. Just as the couple prepares to leave for their wedding, Maggie asks Will for his honest opinion of their marriage, and if he wants to marry her at all. Will reassures her that his mind is made up, which pleases her; but as he carries on talking, Maggie intercepts as soon as he says the word resigned. I understood the word resigned as that he accepted their marriage with a little reluctance. Moreover, there may be some positiveness to his speech as Will says he will say Yes to the parsons questions at the church. Furthermore, Will answers Maggie by the phrase Yes, Maggie. This reminds us again, the dominance of Maggie over Will. I think that there is a big difference in Will, comparing Act 2 and 3 of the play. At the beginning of Act 3, Will gives a toast to the guests of the dinner after the wedding. In contrast to his usual speeches, he gives an impressively long speech. Although, it is still evident that he has not yet perfectly mastered his reading skills. As Will struggles to read a word in the middle of his speech, Maggie interrupts in an undertone, and he carries on. Moreover, Will is shown to have been stammering all throughout his speech. However, I think that this is an amazing improvement in his educational side, as it is told at the very beginning that Will is not fully literate, and that he cannot write. After his speech, he is complimented by numerous guests, and it is told that Maggie has been educating Will. This can be shown as Wills first change by the influence of Maggie, his wife. Likewise, the major consequence of Will and Maggie moving out of the Hobsons family house would be in the introduction of Act 3. In the first paragraph, the sentence William Mossop, Practical Bootmaker, stands out. It is said that the phrase is shown on each window of their cellars. This shows Will has become a master of a boot shop of his own. Although in a small scale, this is an enormous change in Wills life. As he owns a shop, he is now able to earn how much he deserves as a good boot-maker, and therefore feel confident, and complacent about himself. Following the wedding dinner, Will is left with some male characters alone at the shop. At this point, Wills reluctance of being left with Maggie alone is shown through his speech, fond of company. However, this is later shown as a positive reluctance of his shyness of being with Maggie, which could also mean that he has started to recognize his loving feelings towards Maggie. This is confirmed by the other characters suggesting that he is shy of his wife, and Will admitting it afterwards. There is also a happy laughter in the middle, which suggests that Will has developed socially. Moreover, his phrase above is an enormous difference to Will at the beginning of the play. This is presumably because Will is much less inhibited than he used to be. I think his speech shows a little of his increased interest of interacting with other people as well. A crucial scene to support that Will has changed in his characteristics would be when Henry visits the couples cellar for the first time. As Henry is knocking on the door, Maggie quickly reminds Will that he is the gaffer at their place. In other words, she is encouraging him to have confidence in himself as much as he can, as he is the master at the shop. To acknowledge this to Henry, Maggie asks Will if she could allow him inside the shop, and Will answers loudly and boldly. This is presumably an awkward situation for Henry, as he had been Wills master when he was at the Hobsons boot shop. Those two words indicate how pompous and in-control he sounds, especially to Hobson, as he also speaks very much like a master. In truth, Will may be a little nervous inside, confronting Henry in this way; however he decides to hide his weakness. By the end of Act 3 of the play, the celebrations of their wedding are coming to an end, and it is the couples first night together. Maggie is already in the bedroom, and Will has a little moment alone in the living room. He repeatedly walks back and forth to the bedroom door as he hesitates whether he should go in, or not; also looking shyly at the door. In the end, he decides to lie on the sofa, to sleep in the living room. Nevertheless, Will gives occasional glances at the bedroom door. This indicates his mixed feelings about their first night after marriage. I think it could mean his coyness, but mainly uneasiness of not being brave enough to go into the bedroom. I think the most hilarious part shown in the play, about the couple, is when Maggie brings Will into the bedroom. As Maggie approaches Will, it is said that she grabs him by the ear to return to the bedroom. This shows that Maggie is still the dominant of the couple. Although Will has changed a lot in his personality, it is generally seen that he remains being absolutely obedient to Maggie as much as a loving husband would do to his wife. Henry, the eldest character of the play, is seen to be unwell. As he is rejected by his other daughters, Maggie is left with the responsibility of taking care of him. Moreover, it is decided that the couple will move into the Hobsons house. Because of that, there is an argument between Henry and Will about the boot shop. Although Henry is presently the master of the shop, Will also is the master of his own shop. The typically selfish Henrys character is shown here, as he offers Will the old job and the old wage of 18 shillings a week. Ignoring the ungenerous offer, Will offers Henry a choice of being taken in partnership or not being taken care by the couple. The couple discusses the name for the shop without Henrys agreement, and there is another argument as he interrupts with strong dissatisfaction. Although it does not seem obvious at start, there is a sense of dramatic irony, when Maggie is speaking against Will in order to test if he is brave enough to stand up to Henry. When Henry has gone, Will shows us the innocent side of him, asking Did I sound confident, Maggie? Despite Maggies praises, Will admits that he trembled in his shoes, which makes the readers smile, to see the old Will again. Moreover, it is seen that Will does not call Maggie by the name Miss anymore, which suggests their intimate relationship. Another evidence to support the closeness of Will and Maggie are in the following scene. It is told that Maggie was married to Will with a brass ring. Brass rings, in those days, were very cheap and undecorated, often used by the poorer people. I could describe Maggie as being thrifty, although the wedding ring must still be very meaningful for her. Will mentions that he has some improvements to work on, meaning to surprise Maggie with a new ring. However, Maggie refuses for the reason mentioned above. The following scene of Will, when he kisses her indicates a mutual love between the couple at last. I think this is a significant change in Will, which happened as he gradually recognized Maggies affectionate feelings. From this, you can see how enormously Will have changed, and how he was influenced by other characters and his environment. I have been deeply impressed by how much Will have improved in diverse sides of his characteristics. However, throughout the story, there is one part of him that does not change at all. That would be his typical speech, By Gum! Lower 5 17/05/07 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

A Study of Tainted Drinking Water

A Study of Tainted Drinking Water A study of tainted drinking water looked at several cases in Pennsylvania and Texas. The study examined watering wells found contaminated by methane and other hydrocarbon gases. Researchers detected methane gas in excess of 130 Pennsylvania and Texas water wells. At first it was believed that the contamination was caused by fracking in near areas. Shale-gas producing companies use the process of fracking to extract natural gas from deep shale rock layers. The process of fracking is simply drilling deep vertical wells that then extend horizontally into different directions. Once the wells are extended, at high pressures water and other chemicals are pumped through creating fissures and releasing the natural gas trapped in the sediments, which is then collected. After further examination, researchers found no evidence that fracking itself was the cause of water contamination. Instead, it was established that water contamination was due to faulty wells. The steel tubing and cement seal used to line the wells was responsible for methane leaks. To further expand on methane water well contamination we must looks at what is methane gas and how it is introduced to water wells. Methane gas is odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly combustible at levels low as five percent. There are different occurrences of methane entering water wells, through natural conditions and through human activities. Human activities may include gas well drilling, pipeline leaks, and other forms of mining. Independently Methane gas alone is not toxic and does not cause health problems when ingested through food and drinking water, and that is due to methane quickly evaporating. At higher concentrations methane emissions from water can cause an explosion in poorly ventilated or enclosed areas. There have been reports in Pennsylvania where homes and wells have exploded due to methane accumulation. According to research conducted in Pennsylvania of 60 wells, it was discovered that methane concentrations in 85% of drinking water wells (51/60 wells) across the region. It was found that regardless of industrial gas operations, concentrations of methane were significantly higher closer to natural gas wells. Concentrations were found to be seventeen times higher on average in shallow wells from operational drilling and extraction areas than in wells from nonoperational areas. The recommended average methane concentrations for action to be taken is (10-28 mg/L) by the US Office of the interior. In shallow groundwater in operational drilling areas, methane concentrations were found to be extremely high at a level of (64 mg/L). Continual research has determined that methane contamination is due to methane migration. Figure 2 and Figure 3 show different sources of methane migration. Methane migration is movement of methane from bedrocks and areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure. Wells provide that opportunity and through leaks methane passes into the aquifers allowing passage to drinking wells. Common means for migration into shallow drinking water aquifers that can provide a possible explanation for increased methane concentrations. Firstly means of contamination is through physical displacement of gas rich liquids through underground water passages, which can aid in methane migration. Secondly, leaky gas well casing. Methane leaks can occur at very deep levels underground, with methane passing horizontally and vertically through fracture systems, any cracks in the casing can lead to contamination of near by cites, such as aquifers leading to drinking water contamination. Another means of contam ination is due to process of hydraulic fracturing, which can produce new fractures or expand existing fractures above shale formation. The resulting reduced pressure can release methane in liquids, allowing methane gas to possibly migrate upward through the fracture system. Figure 1, shows Methane concentrations as a function of distance to the nearest gas well from active and non-active drilling cites. Methods of methane water well remediation include well vents and aeration. Methane enters below and above water levels. Methane is lighter than air, consequently rising and accumulating at the top of the borehole underneath the well cap. The addition of a vent tube to the well caps can help discharge methane from water wells and decrease the concentration of dissolved methane entering homes. Methane gas entering the wells from below the water level, can remain dissolved in the water, however the concentration of the methane in water is dependent on both temperature and pressure of the water. As groundwater is pumped, temperature increase and pressure is reduced, allowing methane gas to be released through ventilation. Miniscule amounts of methane can possibly remain in the water once the water reaches surface pressure and temperatures increase above 58 degrees. Aeration, also known as air stripping, can remove methane from well water. Some aeration devices can also remove other volatile organic chemicals and gases such as radon and hydrogen sulfide. Aeration devices come in a variety of units, such as simple units with spray aerators enclosed in a tank, to stacked tower aerators, that are designed to collect and release the accumulated gasses. Once the source of methane as been determined steps towards alleviating the problem can be taken. Leaking pipelines can be fixed and improved; gas wells can be properly maintained and properly sealed. Water wells can be ventilated or other methods of engineering can be used to reduce the amount of methane in the water. Since in this case it’s the leaky wells that are causing methane leaks into its surroundings, proper cementing and casing with imperative use of centralizers to center the casing should be the action taken. Figure 4 shows the importance of centralizers. Perhaps thicker and stronger reinforced steel casing surrounded by cement should further action taken to reinsure a reduced risk of methane leaks. Figure 5 and 6 show the result of migration of methane due to cracks in steel and cement casings. 2) The control volume for the contamination presented would be the seven cases in Pennsylvania and one in Texas. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 References Boyer, E., B.R. Swistock, J. Clark, D. Rizzo, M. Madden. 2012. Impact of Marcellus Gas Drilling on Rural Drinking Water Supplies, Final report to the Center for Rural Pennsylvania, 26 pp. Fountain, H. (2014, September 15). Well Leaks, Not Fracking, Are Linked to Fouled Water. The New York Times, p. A17. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/16/science/study-points-to-well-leaks-not-fracking-for-water-contamination.html?_r=2 Oram, B. (2011, January 1). Methane and Other Gases in Drinking Water and Groundwater. Osborn SG, Vengosh A, Warner NR, Jackson RB (2011) Methane contamination of drinking water accompanying gas-well drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:8172–8176. Penn State, College of Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension, School of Forest Resources, Water Facts #24, Methane Gas and Its Removal from Wells in Pennsylvania. University Park, PA. Prudhomme, A. (2013). Hydrofracking : What Everyone Needs to Know (p. 208). Oxford University Press. Thomas H. Darrah, Avner Vengosh, Robert B. Jackson, Nathaniel R. Warner, and Robert J. Poreda Noble gases identify the mechanisms of fugitive gas contamination in drinking-water wells overlying the Marcellus and Barnett Shales PNAS 2014 111 (39) 14076-14081; published ahead of print September 15, 2014, doi:10.1073/pnas.1322107111 Article http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/16/science/study-points-to-well-leaks-not-fracking-for-water-contamination.html?_r=1 Similar articles http://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/tag/methane-migration/ http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26221-leaky-wells-not-fracking-polluted-us-drinking-water.html#.VC4iyuceWdx http://extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/water/drinking-water/water-testing/pollutants/methane-gas-and-its-removal-from-wells-in-pennsylvania http://www.pnas.org/content/108/43/E871.full http://www.pnas.org/content/108/20/8172.full

The Ten Greatest Marketing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them :: Business Marketing Mistakes Companies Essays

The Ten Greatest Marketing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them Its a certain fact that business these days is more competitive than its ever been. To stay alive these days, you just cant just offer a quality product at a fair price. These days, you have to know how to market effectively. Unfortunately, most businesses have no idea of how to get the most out of every marketing dollar that they spend. You should demand that ou get the best results from every dime you drop into marketing! Most companies spend more time planning their company Christmas party than they do creating powerful, persuasive, marketing communications. Now this can stop. Herein are the 10 greatest marketing mistakes and how you can avoid them. Before I get into it, let me tell you why I put this together. As I consult with current clients, bring on new clients, and market for more, I am learning more and more. Its come to my attention time and time again, when I bring on a new client I find that they are making almost the exact same mistakes as another of my clients was, in a totally unrelated field! These marketing mistakes arent confined to a singular industry. These mistakes Ive found across the board. I have worked with computer software companies, food companies, cable sales companies, real estate brokers, financial consultants, and many more. All of these companies had most, if not all of these 10 greatest marketing mistakes present in their operations. If one or two of these mistakes dont apply to you, then you should congratulate yourself! You must already be on the road to marketing success! Here they are in no particular order: Mistake # 1: Your business focuses on itself, and not on your prospects and customers needs. Does this seem too obvious? Look through your yellow pages. Pick them up right now and glance through. Answer this question: Are most of the ads telling you what benefits you get if you if you become a customer? Or are the ads telling you about the vendors, where they are, how wonderful they are, what they do, how great their quality is, how great their service is, and all about them? 95% of the ads are totally focused on the business and not on what the business can do for YOU, the prospect! Take a look at the ads in the newspapers, on the TV, and listen to the radio.

Events in History from 1820-1850 Essay -- American History

The period from 1820 to 1850 was a time where several important and diversified events in American history occurred. This period was a period of extreme reform. There were many conflicts during this period in which brought about great change. Such conflicts include the Gibbons vs. Ogden, Erie Canal, American Temperance Society, David Walker’s Appeal, Anti-slavery society, Sack of Lawrence, and the Dred Scott Decision. All of these events had one goal, to make the society a better, improved place for everyone, both in the North and South. Inside three people’s lives: free black man, slave women and a middle class white woman, none of them actually had the freedom and rights as opposed to today. If a middle class white woman was married, her life was controlled by her husband. She had no property rights and could not vote. The free black man could own property and vote in many states outside the South. The slave woman had no rights at all. Her "master" could rape her and she could do nothing about it. The economies of each region (North and South) at the time where really only similar in the way they were expanding and growing stronger. One way the two regions differed in economics was in the base of the economy. For example, the South’s economy was based on cotton farming, while the North’s economy was based on manufacturing. Because the South did not manufacture goods, they were forced to purchase finished products from the North- thus adding to the North’s economy. With the South’s money they would acquire cotton from the southern states. Also, in the South, there were little job opportunities for whites since slaves had the jobs in the field, unlike the North where jobs were abundant in factories for the unskilled workers. Many... ...made today. The period between 1820 and 1850 was an interlude of great reform. The conflicts discussed in this phase were crucial in the developments, such as the development of the political party Democrats lead by Andrew Jackson in 1832 and the Whig Party in 1836 showing resistance to Andrew Jackson’s ideas. Though the era did include of opposition in both the parties, but their ultimate goal was to make the society a better, improved place for the citizens, which did eventually occur. Works Cited †¢ Boyer, Paul S. "Chapter 14: From Compromise to Secession." The Enduring Vision: a History of the American People. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 412-42. Print. †¢ Harding, Vincent. 1981, There Is A River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America. Vintage Books †¢ Nichols, Alice. "Bleeding Kansas." New York: Oxford University Press, 1954.

Domestic Violence Research Critique Essay

Introduction Domestic abuse is a problem in the USA, and the research article that I am critiquing is studying the effectiveness of screening for domestic abuse in health care pre-screening settings. Domestic abuse is a hard situation for the woman going through it and often times it’s a hard subject to discuss. In order to help women with this process it’s important that as health care providers we understand the complexities of domestic abuse and become educated on how to approach the situation with patients. Throughout this critique we will discuss how this protects the patient, how data was obtained, how the data was managed/analyzed, and how it was interpreted. Protection of Human Participants This study is ultimately helping promote awareness/protection to patients in a health care setting by addressing the possibility of domestic abuse in each situation. The study consisted of measuring the rate of domestic abuse in the presence and absence of screenings. The study also compared the outcomes of interventions with women with known abuse from a male with women not receiving interventions who have been abused. There is a need for women to be able to get to a safer place such as a physician’s office and discuss private matters so they don’t feel threatened. Most women have a hard time discussing any issues regarding domestic abuse they have had because they fear losing something they loved so deeply. Data The data that was pulled was from multiple sources; sources included research articles combined with survey results from different medical professionals. The research articles were used to formulate the questions presented in the survey handed out the medical professionals. The three questions presented were â€Å"Do women patients and health professionals find  screening for domestic violence acceptable? Do screening programs increase the identification of women who are experiencing domestic violence? Do interventions with women identified in healthcare settings improve outcomes?† (Ramsay, Richardson, Carter, Davidson, Feder 2002). According to the study most physicians and emergency care workers were not in favor of the screening. Women who were surveyed as to whether they think it would be helpful to be screened at their physician’s office were mostly in favor by 75%. Another study that researched an emergency department’s response to nurses screening for a history of abuse and 53% were in favor. Problems The lack of solid information and research articles led to more extraneous variables. The research articles in play had lack of information and quality information. There was no monitoring of the quality of items extracted from the information from the medical records, according to this research article. Also another variable would be women who have a hard time speaking up about domestic violence even if it did happen to them, they may not speak about it and it would be a low quality outcome. The article talked about how women who had been abused dealt with the pain of the abuse after and if they sought out help? Analysis of Data 85% of women found the screening in health care settings acceptable, which is positive in relation to the fact that women care about their safety. 2 surveys found that two thirds of health care providers and emergency room nurse were not in favor of screening for domestic abuse. The results of the data collected were hard to analyze because the collection of data gained for this research study wasn’t solid and there were a lot of different variables. At the time this research study was conducted there wasn’t a system of screening women for abuse. Findings/Interpretation In the year 2015 most hospital facilities add it to part of their admission screen. The findings in this quantitative research analysis didn’t support that outcome. Healthcare providers, according to the data in this study, weren’t agreeable to the benefits of having a screening for women for domestic abuse (Ramsay, Richardson, Carter, Davidson, Feder, 2002). There are holes in the data collected as far as to why the healthcare providers  felt like this wouldn’t benefit women. There are a lot of domestic abuse cases, and I believe these findings were proven wrong many years later due to the fact we prescreen men and women in our present hospital facilities. The limitations found by the researchers included improper research/data collection done by the researchers who wrote the articles referenced in this research analysis. The research presented will set other researchers on the path to find answers to this ongoing problem of domestic abuse. I believe that in t he future we will be more thoroughly trained on the signs and symptoms of abuse, and certain cue’s we as nurses can look for. As healthcare providers it’s important that we interject when we feel our patient is unsafe. Conclusion Domestic Abuse is unfortunately happening all around us in the USA. Using and building off research studies such as this quantitative research analysis will help us open our minds to different answers. According to this research study the women interviewed about if they think it’s a good idea to pre-screen for domestic abuse. This could have been skewed in a lot of ways, but one situation that makes the most sense is talking with your physician about this problem. Usually people consider physicians’ offices as a safe zone. As long as they don’t feel threatened they tend to open up a bit more. When the research study points to the health care providers that aren’t willing/or don’t want to do the pre-screening for domestic abuse, it makes you wonder if there were other factors involved in their interview process. This study was inconclusive in regards to lack of quality information from the stated research articles. The base of this research study led us to believe that pre-screenings for women being seen in a physician offices aren’t necessary. The research had obviously gone further than this article due to the fact we now pre-screen everyone in a hospital setting. Reference Ramsay, J., Richardson, J., Carter, Y. H., Davidson, L. L., & Feder, G. (2002). Should health professionals screen women for domestic violence? Systematic review. Bmj, 325(7359), 314.

Death on the Prairies: The Murderous Blizzard of 1888 Essay

On January 12, 1888, the weather in the west was mild, compared to previous weeks. Little did the people know that a massive cold front was in route and would be catastrophic to the people, their livestock, and the economy in the dekota and nebraska praries. The cold front would cause one of the worst blizzards for the region, killing close to 500 people. The factors that made the death toll so high involve the mild weather before the storm, the lack of technology for warning systems, and bad timing. On the day of January 12, farmers and children from all over the nebraska territory believed that that day was going to be warm and enjoyable compared to the previous days. From the early morning, farmers were up carrying out chores and duties that were post poned due to the weather. They were all very confident that the day would be a glorious day, wearing nothing but mere under clothing. Children rushed to schools that were miles away without jackets, gloves, or scarves. As famers were working miles away at distant farms and praries watering crops or tending to livestock, they would have little to no warning for what was to come that afternoon. Around mid day, the mild sky would so suddenly turn into.a nightmare, cathing all in the vast area extremely off guard. with the wicked winds and ice crystals rolling in, victoms had no time to react. If only those individuals had been fore warned, the death toll would be at a guarenteed low. During this time, technology was on a ris; however, it was very limited in certain areas. Meterology was one of the fields that due to technology and common interest, was not a major concern. The only method of long distance communication was via telegraph machines. They traveled through wires that ran along side railroag tracks. Most of the people that were affected from this storm were those living there to farm crops and raise livestock. They were usually located quite a far distance from towns that contained buildings receiving these transmissions. I believe that the lack of technology and concern for warning the people of the nebraska and dekota  territory is a major contributor the the high death toll that resulted from the school childrens storm. The biggest factor in the high death toll of the blizzard of 1888 has to be the horrible timing at which it occured. The time was mid afternoon, just when farmers are working the hardest, when school children are trickling out of their classrooms, far distances from their homes. It couldnt have been a worse time, especially for the children. Being sent home by their teachers, school children began walking the routes that they would walk everyday. That day the cold front was rushing through bringing ice and snow along with it. The children, wearing nothing but mere under clothing, had no way to keep warm from the ferocious cold. restricted from sight, they were quickly disoriented from their path to home or shelter. After noticing that they had been walking in circles or in opposiyte directions of their destinations, they began to seek out any for of stability, clinging to barbed wire fences, hay barrels, and anything else that provided some sense of security. However, the snow would only come faster and stronger, burrying alive most of the children. The farmer that were in the middle of their duties had been traveling for years. They too would experiece the same fate as their children on the way home from school. Caught in the middle of the blizzard with no jackets or gloves, eventually burried alive from snow and ice. The timing couldnt have been any worse for those caught in the blizzard in the vast dekota praries. The unfortunate disaster that struck those particular areas of the west will forever be remembered. Because of situations like the blizzard of 1888, peoples interests in meterology and concern for what is around the corner were suddenlt on the rise. Thanks to advancments in technology, we now have a better understanding of moter nature and can now know in advance the possibility of these disasters. The death toll on the day of January 12 was much greater than it shoouldve been; however, lack of warning and simply bad tining would contribute to one of the worst natural disasters of that time.

Capital Punishment in the United States Essay

Have you ever thought about if the person sitting next to you is a murderer? If he is, what would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the death penalty! Murderers and other major offenders should be punished for the crimes they have committed and should pay the price for what they have done. Having the death penalty in our society is humane. It helps with overcrowding and gives relief to the families of the victims, who had to go through an event such as murder. You may not see it as that big of a deal, but the families of the victims of these criminals have to live every day knowing that while their family member is dead, this criminal is still well and living. Usually people just want to look past this problem because they are not in the position of the families of the murder victims, but you need to look at it through the eyes of these families. Until we stop just letting these things slide, they will continue to happen. The death penalty has been around since the time of Jesus Christ. Executions have been recorded from the 1600s to present times. From about 1620, the executions by year increased in the US. It has been a steady increase up until the 1930s; later the death penalty dropped to zero in the 1970s and then again rose steadily. US citizens said that the death penalty was unconstitutional because it was believed that it was â€Å"cruel and unusual† punishment (Amnesty International). In the 1970s, the executions by year dropped between zero and one then started to rise again in the 1980s. In the year 2000, there were nearly one hundred executions in the US. On June 29, 1972, the death penalty was suspended because the existing laws were no longer convincing. However, four years after this occurred, several cases came about in Georgia, Florida, and Texas where lawyers wanted the death penalty. This set new laws in these states and later the Supreme Court decided that the death penalty was constitutional under the Eighth Amendment. There also has been the problem of overcrowding in prisons and jails. Some people say that this is a problem but having more jails built will solve this problem. Having more prisons or jails built may help solve the problem but the death penalty effectively stops draining more money from the taxpayers to give these murderers a home. These murderers get three warm meals a day; they do nothing all day, and have a place to sleep just because the taxpayers fund these facilities. Murderers on death row do not deserve to get a place to stay. They deserve to have their lives taken for the crimes that they have committed.

Morality, Meet Brave New World Essay

â€Å"The books that the world calls immoral are books that show the world its own shame.†1 Concerning Aldous Huxley’s dystopian novel, Brave New World, readers find themselves thinking the theme of the novel is not of proper conduct and it would not take place in their current world. Brave New World follows a futuristic society, the World State, where citizens are mass-produced and conditioned to suit the ways of the government and the society as a whole. Everyone is born to fit in certain classes and they crave pleasure, order and conformity. John the Savage, the protagonist, is of strict Christian moral codes and is shocked by the government’s control over citizens and their behavior. He rejects their mentality and tries to go against it, with no avail. The citizens’ sexual freedom, conditioning, risky use of drugs, dissolution of families and manipulation of religion to accommodate the society irritates many a moral critic. â€Å"Moral education, which ought never, in any circumstances, to be rational,† is said by a director (Huxley 32). It implies that the leaders do believe in moral education. However, without God or sense, it is they who make the morals. Huxley warns readers of how technology and power in the hands of the government can cause the downfall of man. With the concept of socialist morality in mind, the World State’s power is absolute and citizens follow societal codes and morals whether they like it or not, without a fight. Babies are born and nurtured in the community for the purpose of becoming productive members of the society. Citizens are conditioned to think that everyone is equal and they are made useful for the good of the society and the government. They satisfy themselves through food, sex, clothes, drugs and other entertainment promoting fun and consumption. This ensures the State’s stability. Hypnopaedic (sleep-teaching) messages such as â€Å"Every one works for every one else. We can’t do without anyone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 66), and â€Å"Ending is better than mending. The more stitches, the less riches†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 50) promote the part of socialism where every member of the society must work in a way that benefits the community. The second part promotes  consumerism; people must throw away old possessions and buy newer ones. The State’s ability to satisfy these desires of the people promises economic growth and affluence. Humans are just devices in this social and scientific world, manipulated and controlled by the World State for the good of the community. â€Å"Wheels must turn steadily, but cannot turn untended. There must be men to tend them, men as steady as the wheels upon their axles, sane men, obedient men, stable in contentment,† reasons Mustapha Mond, the World Controller (Huxley 44). This quote entails that this dictatorial government knows what is best for the society, not individuals, and that is why the leaders have set the moral standards. The State maintains power through technology and medical operations which allows citizens to feel so happy, they do not care about personal freedom, thoughts or choices. At the beginning, the Director says, â€Å"Bokanovsky’s Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!† (Huxley 18) The Bokanovsky’s Process is a biological version of Henry Ford’s assembly line. It is a means of churning out test tube babies, who will live and work in a predetermined society. The populace, the social castes and the mental processes of embryos are easier to control due to this process. There is also a lack of individuality with the concept of the assembly line where everyone is indistinguishable and managed by the government to maximize efficiency and profit. Individuality does not represent community to them and therefore, is not beneficial. With the World State’s control over birth, life and death of its citizens, it is able to achieve community amity. Effective people are needed for an effective society. To accomplish this task, definite stability is needed. Progress and science allows the State to create a happy and a superficial world. World Controllers, the leaders of the society, are careful with the use of science and technology. The use of soma, which clouds present reality and makes people experience happy hallucinations, ‘feelies’, hypnopaedia and conditioning machines are tools to promote social stability. It is to keep citizens busy with work and entertainment. In the novel, citizens must go through different kinds of conditioning. â€Å"All conditioning aims at that; making people like their inescapable social destiny,† (Huxley 24) says the Director of Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, where test tube babies, called â€Å"bottle  babies†, are decanted. Members of the society are taught to never be unsatisfied with their jobs, which eliminates individuals going against their â €˜destinies’. In turn, stability is created. Citizens learn through slogans, rhymes and hynopaedic messages to use soma and have sex with countless members of society. The Director shouts triumphantly, â€Å"Till at last the child’s mind is these suggestions and the sum of the suggestions is the child’s mind. And not the child’s mind only. The adult’s mind too – all his life long. The mind that judges and desires and decides is made up of these suggestions. But these suggestions are our suggestions†¦suggestions from the State.† (Huxley 34) They do not realize this but individual thoughts are done away with in the novel. Humans are just followers for the governments who can’t think for themselves because they’ve been conditioned to become that way. Elimination of emotion, families, history and literature also plays a significant part in achieving stability. Mond explains to boys touring the Hatchery, â€Å"Mother, monogamy, romance†¦ What with mothers and lovers, what with the prohibitions they were not conditioned to obey, what with the temptations and the lonely remorses, what with all the diseases and the endless isolating pain, what with the uncertainties and the poverty-they were forced to feel strongly. And feeling strongly and strongly, what was more, in solitude, in hopelessly individual isolation, how could they be stable?† (Huxley 43) Mond says by doing away with things such as mother, monogamy, â€Å"feeling strongly† and other things mentioned in the quote is how stability and harmony is gained in a society. This quote also shows the viewpoint of the World State that all humans must conduct themselves in one way. In the system, members must always remain happy for the sake of social stability. A recent report in Psychology Today concluded, â€Å"The most significant predictor of a person’s moral behavior may be religious commitment.†2 Huxley uses Christian morality to further illustrate the socialist morality of the plot. The religious conviction in man has been evident throughout the ages. The World State recognizes this urge and manipulates it toward the relevance of supporting and indulging society. The State in Brave New World creates a single religion for its people based on Henry Ford, his teachings and his representation of an assembly-line society than based on a Christ, his  teachings and a spiritual God with whom people may communicate by themselves. The services are government-funded and are mandatory, such as, the Solidarity Service, which is a parody and a substitution of the Christian Communion Service. The song of the service goes like this, â€Å"Ford, we are twelve; oh, make us one, Like, drops within the Social River; Oh, make us now together run†¦Orgy-porgy gives release.† (Huxley 74) This gives readers an idea about of the control the government has on religion and sexual practices. Though trivial, it is an example of a religion the World State forms to keep citizens in line and in accord. The phrase, â€Å"Ford, we are twelve; oh, make us one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 74) summons Ford and reinforces the lack of individuality where humans are the same as items on the assembly line. Twelve members are the same as one, without any difference. This service gives release of emotions, a human nature the World State had not been able to stop through conditioning. It is advantageous as it does not pose a threat to power and control of the State. Karl Marx is quoted to have said, â€Å"Religion is the opiate of the people.†3 He means to say that religions are organized to relieve people’s anxieties about their personal responsibilities for the unfairness in life. In the novel, it is soma that is substituted for religion. Mond refers soma as, â€Å"Christianity without tears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 185) Soma allows the public to feel at ease than the sadness and guilt caused by Christianity. Their act of prayer is taking in soma and they feel fulfilled and happy. In Brave New World Revisited, Huxley states that soma is the religion of the people.4 It can be said that the citizens of the World State are very religious in adhering to moral standards organized by the government for themselves. With the caste system strict and firm, authority in the World State is not questioned nor challenged. As a group, members fear and respect the government and would never go against it. Members may feel dissatisfied with their way of living. When the Director asks Bernard, â€Å"†¦ can you show any reason why I should not now execute the judgment passed upon you?’, Bernard answers with a confident â€Å"Yes, I can.† (Huxley 121) He proceeds to present the Director his son, John. Having a son goes against all the social morals taught by the World State. Although Bernard did not act in an anarchist fashion, he took a small step towards being disrespectful to and humiliating  a man of authority. John the Savage does not like what he sees. With â€Å"O brave new world† resonating in his head, John cries out for people at the Park Lane Hospital of Dying to stop taking the soma rations. He attempts to throw out the soma through the window and asks the people to choose freedom (Huxley 168). John hadn’t been able to go against the government. Although chaos doesn’t fully place take and seeds of confusion have been planted in the society, the government is still in control. The goals of morality, as described by C.S. Lewis, are to ensure fair play and harmony between individuals, help form good people to have a good society and keep them in a good relationship with the power that is responsible for creating them. By their motto of â€Å"Community, Stability, Identity† (Huxley 18), the Brave New World achieves these goals, given through questionable methods. The State’s ability to satisfy needs and wants of the public through entertainment, work and consumption leads to stability and economic growth for society. The government’s different conditioning techniques, intentional drug use, manipulation of religion and view that everyone belongs to and works for everyone else are used to benefit society in creating useful citizens. The consequences are a loss of dignity, values and emotions – in short, a loss of humanity. This is the idea of extreme socialist morality that takes place in the book. This version of society reflects the current society’s economic values – individual happiness is the satisfaction of his or her needs and success of growth and prosperity. The social moral codes of Brave New World create a superior society where people cooperate instead of compete. Although some critics and readers may think this is accomplished through wrong conduct, this may be what our current society strives for. WORKS CITED 1. Oscar Wilde. â€Å"Oscar Wilde Quotes†. Thinkexist.com. 2006. Thinkexist.com. 2. Morality By Design. Allaboutphilosophy.org 3. Religion: An Opaite of People?† www.ancientdays.net 4. Brave New World Revisited 5. atheism.about.com Brave New World by Aldous Huxley â€Å"Moral Criticism of Brave New World.† Associated Content. News, 2007

Health Essay

I do agree with this week’s speaker Sarah Lightheart one-hundred percent; I think that health is so hard to define because of the fact, there are so many different aspects of health. Health is not just eating right, exercising, and being social every now and again. There are six different dimensions of health that need to have some sort of balance in order to achieve the optimal level of health in oneself to in turn be healthy. To me, health does not mean that it you are lacking a little in one area of the six aspects of health that you are an unhealthy person, I feel that there needs to be more of a balance within all six dimensions. In addition, every aspect does not need to be at a maximum level for a person to be healthy; I personally focus more on the emotional, physical, spiritual, and social aspects of health and the rest just fall into place for me. With the exception of environmental health aspect, I do want I can but, I do not go out of my way to be more healthy in the environmental dimension, in which I do need to find more of a balance. In conclusion, the definition of health to me is a balance of all six dimensions of health I believe that each person has their own personal levels they need to maintain to be healthy, Every human has their own individual traits to be healthy, and what makes one person healthy may not do the same for another.

Labor Union Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Labor Union - Research Paper Example Usually, the agreements reached by the union leadership are ever binding on the file and rank members as well as to the employer. In some cases, the negotiations incorporate the plight of non-member workers. Labor unions originated from Europe and became popular in several countries, particularly during the industrial revolution. During this period, there was no skilled labor and most jobs shifted employment to bargain power entirely to the side of employers (Munck, 2004). This shift led to mistreat of many workers while other were being underpaid. Labor union organizations may comprise of individual professionals, workers, past workers, and the unemployed. (Benson, 2008) Nonetheless, their most common means or the main purpose of these organizations is to â€Å"improve or maintain the working conditions of its members or the employment† (International Labour Office, 2008). For the past three hundred years or so, labor unions have developed numerous ways advocating for their members. These activities vary and they include benefit provision to members: ancient labor unions such as the Friendly Societies, used to provide varied benefits aimed at insuring members against illness, old age, unemployment, and funeral expenses (Wagner, 2007). However, due to the current developments among states, these activities have been assumed by the government. For instance, in developed countries, the state has assumed the same functions. However, members’ professional training provision, representation and legal representation are still a vital benefit of the labor union membership. Secondly, the trade union through (Benson, 2008) it leadership plays the role of collective bargaining. In this case, the labor union is capable of operating openly; thus, are recognized by employers. In collective bargaining, the union often negotiates with employers over the plight of employees, especially on then issues regarding wages and working conditions. Thirdly, unions are often interested in the industrial action: the union may opt to enforce strikes or boycott or resistance to lockouts with the main intension of furthering some specific goals (Roth, 2010). Fourth in the list is the involvement on the labor union in political activities. The labor union may sometimes opt to promote certain legislations that would intern be in the interest of workers or its members. (Wagner, 2007) In order to achieve such, the union may pursue campaigns, support individual candidate financially, undertake lobbying, or support a party for a political office; particularly if such a party supports the interest of workers. For instance, the labor unions in Britain often support the Labour Party since the party serves the interest of workers or the union members. It is worth noting that union laws vary per country. This is also true with their functions. Additionally, the re lationship between the unions and political parties varies. In most countries, the union share leadership with some political parties or they are tightly bonded with such political parties that are perceived as serving the interest of workers. Typically such scenarios may be regarded as left wing, social democratic party, or socialist; however some exceptions exist (Fink, 1977). Notably, the employment laws structures normally affect the roles of the unions as

Comparison in Sound Velocity Variability over Neap and Spring Cycle in Essay

Comparison in Sound Velocity Variability over Neap and Spring Cycle in Dart and Tamar Estuaries, UK and Its Impacts on Sonar Performances - Essay Example Studies of the variables of sound transmission aid those who need to know how well their equipment will function given different environments. This project entails the planning and execution of an oceanographic survey to determine the differences in sound velocity variables over the neap and spring tide cycles in the Dart and Tamar estuaries, and their impact on sonar-related performances. This study is largely based on research provided by Desiree Batton in conjunction with the Hydrographic Society, The Dart Observatory at the Britannia Royal Naval College and Graham Tattersall of the CEFAS Lowestoft Laboratory, as well as additional research. The tide cycles at the mouths of these two estuaries differ in some factors that influence the movement of sound. This paper plans to show what those factors are and how they affect sonar usage. The report will present data that was ascertained by using the current appropriate techniques and tools. It will analyze the variability of sound velocity, present the results and make determinations based on those analyses and calculations. Several determinations will be necessary to conclude this paper, such as the variations in bottom sound velocity as opposed to the variations in surface sound velocity. For instance the calculations for bottom sound velocity will take the higher level of mixing into account, while the calculations for surface sound velocity will need to look at temperature variables more, especially spring tide. Differing types of measuring equipment will be needed to gain the information required. In addition, time of day and the varying points of tidal activity are considerations that will add into the data. This project is designed to correlate with other projects that focus on sound speed or sound velocity. The need to understand how sound travels through tidal waters, in particular the Dart and Tamar estuaries, is of great significance to ongoing research. The research of A. D. Priestley

Battle of the 73 Easting Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Battle of the 73 Easting - Thesis Example The 2ACD and 1ID of the US Army utilized advanced technology and superior military strategy to launch an intensive sustained surprise attack which destroyed the Tawakalna forces. This paper examines the main battles fought by the two US divisions that broke through the central lines of the Tawakalna force and the events that occurred in the two-day duration of the battle. The US-led Coalition Force victory over the elite Iraqi Republican Guard unit, Tawkalna division at 73 Easting is the most decisive ground combat that weakened the Iraqi military and gave way for the destruction of the other Iraqi Republican Guard units which ended the Gulf War (Borque 2). The Coalition victory in the 73 Easting battle is attributed to the superiority of the Coalition military forces, strong and decisive leadership and the utilization of a good battle plan. The victory of the Battle of 73 Easting is the result of the optimum combination of several Army Doctrines (Atkinson 9). First of all, the posse ssion of modern equipment and technology is important in battles. Secondly, a superior military strategy, audacity, effective communication and co-ordination can help defeat the most resolute and bravest army. Surprise, followed by intensive assault is an important tool to destabilize the enemy and prevent them from gaining their tempo and ensure their defeat. Finally, there is the need to use specialized units to execute specific tasks in order to gain military success. The Battle of 73 Easting culminated from the need to destroy and weaken the Iraqi Republican Guard (IRP), which had been a tool used by Saddam Hussein to destabilize international peace by invading Kuwait (Atkinson 2). The battle started on the 26th through to the 27th of February, 1991 at a barren desert just 25 kilometers off the Kuwaiti-Iraqi border. The 7th Corps of the US Army played major role in the Battle of 73 Easting under the command of Lieutenant General Fredrick Franks Jr (McGregor 2). General H. Norman Schwarzkopf held the Central Command of the operation (McGregor 2) . Jointly, the 2nd Armored Cavalry Division of the 7th Corps was the main unit of ground troops that was tasked with facing the Tawakalna central position in the 73 Easting Battle. They were ably supported by the 1st Infantry Division. A total of 4,500 troops made up the core of the 2ACD. However, for the purpose of the battle, 5,500 more troops joined the 2ACD in its three squadrons (Daily 52). Each squadron was equipped with a tank company, howitzer batteries, headquarters troops and three cavalry troops (MacMaster 1). Each troop cavalry had 120 soldiers, nine armored battle tanks and 12 bradley fighting vehicles (Daily 52). The British 1st Armoured Division in the south and the 3rd American Armored Division in the north supported the 2AD in the operation (Donaldson 182). The plan was to encircle the Tawakalna stronghold and meet the 2ACD and 1ID to cut off the Tawakalna stronghold. There is no report of the comma nder of the Tawakalna forces in the war (Adrian 362). It is logically inferred that it reported directly to and took orders from Saddam Hussein. In events leading to the battle, the Iraqi government, in defiance of international law had invaded Kuwait claiming it as an Iraqi territory (Musallam 1). The Tawakalna Division of the IRP was a significant elite unit that played a central role in the invasion and maintenance of Iraqi military presence in Kuwait (Adrian 362). The